In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?

Shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur in the transverse plane of movement. The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves and is associated with rotational movements. In the context of the shoulder, horizontal abduction refers to moving the arm out to the side at shoulder height, while horizontal adduction involves bringing the arm across the body toward the midline at shoulder height. These movements take place parallel to the ground and involve rotation around a vertical axis, characteristic of movements in the transverse plane.

Understanding the planes of movement is essential for analyzing exercises and movements in personal fitness. The other planes, such as the sagittal and frontal planes, deal with different types of movements: the sagittal plane involves flexion and extension, while the frontal plane involves abduction and adduction but in a vertical direction. This distinction is key in developing appropriate exercise programs and enhancing athletic performance.