What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?

The intervertebral discs primarily serve as shock absorbers between the vertebrae in the spine. Their structure, composed of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like center known as the nucleus pulposus, allows them to absorb and distribute pressure exerted on the spine during various activities, such as walking, running, and jumping. This cushioning function is crucial for preventing damage to the vertebrae and surrounding structures, thereby protecting the integrity of the spinal column and ensuring overall spinal health.

While intervertebral discs contribute to supporting spinal alignment, their primary role is not to directly maintain alignment. Likewise, they do not facilitate nerve conduction or provide muscle attachment, as those functions are attributed to other structures within the spinal anatomy. Thus, highlighting their role as shock absorbers captures the essence of their importance in the biomechanics of the spine.